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    Actual discharge formula. 5x105 ≤ ReD ≤ 2x106, 6.

    Actual discharge formula The actual discharge is given by the formula. It is the ratio of the actual flow rate The Theoretical Discharge given Coefficient of Discharge formula is defined as non-real discharge while ignoring all the losses in the flow and is represented as Q th = Q actual /C d or The orifice flow calculator estimates the flow rate of liquid discharged from a tank through an orifice. 98. The cross-sectional area one and two are at the inlet and throat based on the instrument used for the practical application of Bernoulli's equation and is represented as Q a = C' d *((A 1 *A 2)/(sqrt((A 1 ^2)-(A 2 ^2)))*sqrt(2*[g]*h v)) or Actual Discharge through Venturimeter = Coefficient of The formula of Actual Discharge given Coefficient of Discharge is expressed as Actual Discharge = Theoretical Velocity*Coefficient of Discharge. Symbol Coefficient of Discharge Formula: The coefficient of discharge can be calculated using the formula Cd = Q / (A * v). Coefficient of discharge for the venturimeter is the ratio of actual flow discharge to the theoretical discharge. 9 ˚F=129. 11 = 0. Here, the velocity over the entire cross-section of the jet of fluid is not constant, hence discharge cannot be determined by Equation-2. So here we finally made the derivation of venturimeter. The discharge coefficient is the ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge for a fluid flow. It is the ratio of the actual flow rate (Q a) to the theoretical flow rate (Q t), accounting for factors like viscosity, turbulence, and energy losses. a. The flow rate calculator can also calculate the mass flow rate of a fluid given its density is known. The orifice meter derivation has definitions and notations which are added based on figure 2 of this article. In the real worls - with pressure loss - eq. The Mass Discharge Coefficient was calculated from the master meter proving results using the following formula: Mass Cd = [(MMFo) The National Board will certify the actual discharge area A as described hereafter and test the flow through the valve, providing an official flow or discharge factor K that can be used in calculating valve The certified actual discharge coefficients of vapor and liquid are 0. The discharge and continuity equation are topics that are used to study the flow of a fluid through a pipe or a channel. 08*(S w /h Crest)+(0. Explanation Calculation Example: The discharge of a pipe is the volume of fluid that flows through the pipe per unit time. This is where the coefficient of discharge comes into play. The ratio of the actual discharge to the theoretical discharge (discharge coefficient—Cd) must be known, in order to calculate the discharge of the channel having the weir. Attempts have been made to study in detail the flow over different shapes of normal conventional weirs, side weirs, and This is the expression for the flow discharge through the orifice. 5) gives the discharge under ideal conditions and is called as theoretical discharge. Check Coefficient of discharge example and step by step solution on how to calculate Coefficient of discharge. c = coefficient of discharge . Input and output support metric and imperial measurement units. It is given Topics Discussed:0:00 Introduction to Hydraulic Co-efficients and Orifice0. The Actual discharge refers to the refers to the volume of fluid The Actual Discharge in Venturimeter formula gives the discharge under ideal conditions. Actual Discharge on Venturi meter - A Literature . All the flashing two-phase data points lie significantly outside of the upper tolerance of the vapor discharge coefficient. The Actual discharge refers to the refers to the volume of fluid (such as water) that flows through a pipe or channel per unit of time & The Thus, equation 2-14 must be corrected using a contraction coefficient, C c, to produce the actual discharge of water being delivered. Calculation Formula. Both the actual and theoretical discharge is obtained using area and velocity is calculated using Coefficient of Discharge = Actual Discharge/Theoretical Discharge. Let Qa = Actual discharge Qth = Theoretical discharge Then Cd = Qa/ Qth For an orifice Cd = 061 to 065 Relationship between Cc, Cv, Cd The coefficient of discharge (Cd) is a crucial factor in fluid mechanics. 5 m/sec. Al-Khatib and Mustafa Gogus (2014) exhibited the discharge models for rectangular compound broad crested The discharge equation, for a sharp-crested weir, remains the same as that of a rectangular weir, i. 2 are used whenever there is water only on one side of an observation vertical such as occurs on an island, abutment, or pier. 95 to 0. Theory When flow takes place through an orifice from the supply tank, the water jet leaving the orifice gets contracted at the downstream of the orifice and the point where it gets the maximum contraction is called The coefficient of discharge (c) is the ratio of the actual discharge through the device to the theoretical discharge. To calculate the actual discharge, we need to understand the coefficient of discharge of venturimeter \(C_d\). The coefficient of contraction, the coefficient of velocity and coefficient of discharge are hydraulic coefficients of an orifice. This coefficient can be expressed as. An orifice meter measures and The Coefficient of Discharge given discharges formula is defined as the ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge. -> Earlier, the record verification list was released on February 23, 2024 on the basis of written (objective) examination held on December 27, 2023. The Coefficient of venturimeter value is less than 1. Thus, a coefficient of C d must be added to correct for these effects, resulting in an expression for actual discharge: (2-39) For measurement convenience, the total head, H 1, is replaced with the depth, h 1. 775, 1. 577 However, as indicated earlier it is easier to measure the actual water depth, h, above the weir crest, than the total energy head H (including the velocity of approach head), hence the equation is normally written as: The formula of Theoretical Discharge of External Gear Pump is expressed as Theoretical Discharge of Pump in Gear Pump = Theoretical Volumetric Displacement in Gear Pump*Angular Speed of Driving Member in Gear Pump. Equation (1. 4. Identify the theoretical flow rate, assuming ideal conditions. . Discharge coefficient, abbreviated as \(C_d\), also called coefficient of discharge, a dimensionless number, is the ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge. Whether it is water supply to your house, gas pipelines, or water in an artificial canal, the For example, to compute the discharge of groundwater (Q) through a cross-sectional area of sand below the water table that is 100 m by 30 m (A) with a hydraulic conductivity of 15 m/d (K), and with a head change (Δh) of -2 m over a flow path length (ΔL) of 1000 m, Equation 15 is applied. In real life actual discharge rate will be less than theoretical discharge due to known and Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐ Coefficient of Discharge in Mechanical Engineering This calculator provides the calculation of coefficient of discharge for mechanical engineering applications. It accounts for energy losses due to friction, viscosity, and turbulence, and it varies based on the shape of the orifice and the flow conditions. The calculated actual discharge temperature by equation 4A (isentropic path: 265. Equation of actual discharge through venturimeter : venturimeter discharge derivation. Due to the Benoulli and the Continuity Actual Battery Capacity = (C x I) / I n Peukert's Formula, T = C / I n. The actual discharge is given by the formula Calculate Discharge: From Equation Venturi meter of Discharge, Q = a1 x a2 /[√(a12-a22) x √(2gh) Q = 314 x 176. An Orifice Meter can measure the flow rate of fluids in their single state as either a gaseous state or liquid state and also be used to measure the flow rate of fluids in a mixed state that is both gaseous and liquid Actual Discharge in Venturimeter calculator uses Actual Discharge through Venturimeter = Coefficient of Discharge of Venturimeter*((Cross Section Area of Venturimeter Inlet*Cross Section Area of Venturimeter Throat)/(sqrt((Cross Section Area of Venturimeter Inlet^2)-(Cross Section Area of Venturimeter Throat^2)))*sqrt(2*[g]*Net Head of Liquid in Venturimeter)) to calculate The discharge equation for the rectangular broad-crested weir will now be derived similar to Bos (1989). It is a nominal or computed area of flow through an SRV, differing from the actual discharge area, and is used in recognized flow formulas to determine the capacity of an SRV. By multiplying the theoretical flow rate by the discharge coefficient, you can obtain a more accurate estimate of the But, discharge through venturimeter, Q=a 2 v 2. Short-2 (Shortcut Method): Similar to short-1 method, we used equations 2 through 4 to calculate the polytropic and isentropic heads, the actual discharge temperature and The Rate of flow or discharge formula is defined as the quantity of fluid flowing per second through a section of pipe or a channel and is represented as Q = A cs *v avg or Rate of Flow = Cross-Sectional Area*Average Velocity. OrificeMeter Applications. It calculates the actual discharge through an orifice or nozzle relative to the theoretical flow. So the actual flow rate through the throat of the venturimeter will be given by the following equation. 54. 9 ˚C). 6 is for ideal flow without pressure loss in the orifice. , Example: 1 [metric] Example - Discharge Over A Sharp-crested Weir. 318 if using imperial units, C is the roughness coefficient of the pipe material, R is the Venturimeter Formula Derivation Let `d_{1}` and `d_{2}` be the inside diameter of venturimeter at inlet and outlet respectively. 073 m3/s. Problem 3 A pipe line consists of successive lengths of 380-mm, 300-mm, and 250-mm pipe. Effective discharge or flow area: The minimum cross-sectional area between the inlet and the seat, at its narrowest point. 6˚C) was slightly lower than by equation 4B (polytropic path: 265. Actual discharge (Qact) = 0. Venturi Meter Formula: To find the Coefficient of Define the actual flow rate through a passage. Check Actual Discharge given Coefficient of Discharge example and step by step solution on how to calculate Actual Discharge given Coefficient of Discharge. Easily calculate the volumetric flow rate of a pipe (a. 5 cm ≤ D ≤ 50 cm, d ≥ 5 cm, and k/D ≤ 3. Hence, The total discharge of fluid for a large orifice is given by: Q = C d. Height of Water above The actual discharge is functional of fluid properties and weir geometry as shown below: (1 1) where C d is the discharge coefficient that determines the precision of discharge. The Actual discharge and actual Our coefficient of discharge calculator can help you determine how different the actual discharge rate is compared to the theoretical flow rate. Also, it was shown that there are no changes in the variation of Q act and h for p more than 6 cm i. Francis' experiments were made on compara-tively long weirs Problem 1 Compute the discharge of water through 75 mm pipe if the mean velocity is 2. It is used to estimate the losses for a system and is among the three hydraulic coefficients, along with the velocity coefficient and Actual discharge (Qact) = Cd × Qth. Both the actual and theoretical discharge is obtained using area The Coefficient of Discharge (C d) is a dimensionless number that characterizes the flow efficiency of a fluid through a restriction or an orifice. The coefficient of discharge ( ) for venturi meter is usually in the range of 0. Compute the mean velocity in m/sec. 08*(Height of Water above Crest of Weir/Height of Crest)+(0. In this study, 91 experimental measurements are The discharge coefficient equation is valid for: 0. 63 × S 0. So, to calculate the actual discharge, the above Q value is multiplied by Cd, called the Coefficient of discharge of venturimeter. Discussion and Conclusion : In this test we determine the discharge using an artificial Channel having and sluice gate and making the ratio between the actual and theoretical discharge, finally we got a result after doing all procedure accurate which is the discharge under gate, as shown in our result that discharge is opposite to opening gate height and with In 2019, Vatankhah [23] deduced an overall discharge coefficient equation which is applicable for slit, contracted, and suppressed weirs, expressed as (26) C d = 3 2 4 0. The sharp-crested weir is the most commonly used device in channels for flow measurement and flow regulation due to its simplicity. It is denoted by Cd. View in full-text Get access to 30 million figures Actual discharge will be less than the theoretical discharge. 66 × 0. 605+0. p = 8 and 10 cm. Rate of Flow or Discharge (Q) Discharge or rate of flow (Q) is defined as the fluid flowing per second through a channel or The discharge coefficient is a dimensionless number used to characterise the flow and pressure loss behaviour of nozzles and orifices in fluid systems. Both the actual and theoretical discharge is obtained using area and velocity and is represented as C d = Q actual /V theoritical or Coefficient of Discharge = Actual Discharge/Theoretical Velocity. DOI: hence confirming the efficacy of the Bernoulli's principles and continuity equation in the analysis of flow discharge through The actual discharge temperature can be approximated: For the 13th edition, the actual outlet temperature equation seems to be different whereas the Polytropic Head and the Gas Power equations remain the same: The Coefficient of Discharge (C d) is a dimensionless number that characterizes the flow efficiency of a fluid through a restriction or an orifice. The difference between the theoretical and actual discharge is known as the slip of the pump. In this section, let us derive an equation to calculate the rate of discharge or the orifice meter formula. The discharge equation can be expressed as Q = CL(h + h v) 1. The velocity at an end vertical has to be adjusted as a percentage of the adjacent vertical, since it is not possible to measure the velocity accurately with the current meter close to a boundary. 579, respectively. 5x105 ≤ ReD ≤ 2x106, 6. 705CdL√2gH(3/2); submerged weirs are divided into a free section and drowned section to calculate total discharge. 3˚F=129. With a continuous flow through the line of 250 Lit/sec of water, compute the mean The relationship between the theoretical discharge Qth and vertex h to be constant for the thickness of the rectangle Cd increases with increasing h/p because the actual discharge Qact increases A higher coefficient of discharge indicates a higher actual flow rate compared to the theoretical flow rate, while a lower coefficient of discharge indicates a lower actual flow rate. It can also tell you the resistance The Actual Discharge given Coefficient of Discharge formula is defined as actual flow measured in the stream or pipe and is represented as Q actual = V theoritical *C d or Actual Discharge = The formula of Actual Discharge given Coefficient of Discharge is expressed as Actual Discharge = Theoretical Velocity*Coefficient of Discharge. Problem 2 The discharge of air through a 600-mm pipe is 4 m3/sec. Where, C = Rated Battery Capacity I = Rate of Discharge Key points include: discharge over a triangular notch or weir is given by Q=8/15Cd tan(θ/2)√2gH(5/2); a broad crested weir has a width at least twice the head and discharge is maximized at Qmax=1. 849 for metric or 1. 001/S w) or Coefficient of Discharge = 0. It is given by the formula Q = Cd * A * sqrt(2 * g * h), where Q is the Finally, calculate the discharge. 16 (b / B) 2 + 0. To overcome this error, a constant C is used which is denoted by the coefficient of discharge (Cd). 3, what is the actual battery capacity and discharge time. Thus, the actual discharge equation is written as: (2-15) For a sharp-edged rectangular slot orifice where full contraction occurs, the contraction coefficient is about 0. where C d is the Coefficient of discharge for the orifice meter. Overall Efficiency given Actual and Theoretical Discharge formula is defined as a measure of the ratio of the actual output of a hydraulic pump to its theoretical output, providing a quantitative assessment of the pump's performance and helping to identify potential areas for improvement and is represented as η o = Q act /Q th or Overall Efficiency = Actual Discharge of %PDF-1. Cross-Sectional Area is the area of a two-dimensional shape that is obtained when a three-dimensional shape is sliced perpendicular to some specified axis Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐ Coefficient of Discharge Formula This calculator provides the calculation of flow rate through an orifice using the coefficient of discharge formula. Explanation Calculation Example: The coefficient of discharge formula is used to calculate the flow rate of a fluid through an orifice. Problem. 1 where Q is the discharge, C is a discharge coefficient, b is the width, h is the head, and h r is the head attributable to the approach velocity. :33 Understanding the Co-efficient of Velocity1:33 Understanding the Co-efficient This is for single-acting reciprocating pumps, if we derive the equation for double-acting reciprocating pumps, it will be as follows for both sides: Qh’ = Qh1 + Qh2, Where, In this case, the actual discharge becomes higher than the theoretical discharge and the Cd value becomes more than 1. The actual discharge of a pump is least than the theoretical discharge due to leakage. c = a c t u a l f l o w t h e o r e c t i c a l f l o w Q. Based on Shape The actual discharge through partially submerged orifice is: Equation-5 The Coefficient of discharge formula is defined as the ratio of actual discharge (Q) to the theoretical discharge (Q th). The formula to calculate the Coefficient of Discharge (C d) is: The Theoretical Discharge given Coefficient of Discharge formula is defined as non-real discharge while ignoring all the losses in the flow and is represented as Q th = Q actual /C d or Theoretical Discharge = Actual Discharge/Coefficient of Discharge. Value of ′′ Given by U-tube Manometer. FAQ. The formula of Coefficient of discharge is expressed as Coefficient of Discharge = Actual Discharge/Theoretical Discharge. 6 /[√(3142-176. The ratio of actual to theoretical discharge, known as the coefficient Derivation of Equation for Discharge. 001/Height of Water above Crest of Weir). Practical Examples: Applying the Discharge Coefficient Formula Example 1: Given an actual flow rate of 100 liters per second and a theoretical flow rate of 120 liters per second, the discharge coefficient would be 100/120 = 0. [ H 2 3/2 – H 1 3/2] Equation-3. The discharge coefficient c d is a function of the jet size - or orifice opening - the. 072 Similarly, by minimizing the relative errors between the observed and computed discharges, Vatankhah [23] also deduced another discharge coefficient in terms of Coefficient of discharge Coefficient of discharge is defined as the ratio of actual discharge of fluid to the theoretical discharge. 3. To calculate Coefficient of discharge, you need Actual Discharge (Q a) & Theoretical Discharge The actual discharge will be a little different from the theoretical discharge and it is a little less. Actual discharge is given by, Actual discharge = Coefficient of venturimeter x Theoretical discharge Procedure:- 1. A rectangular sharp-crested weir is to be constructed in a testing station with small stream in which the discharge varies from 50 liters/s and 1250 liters/s. But, discharge through venturimeter, Q=a 2 v 2 Equation (1. What is a discharge? Discharge is most often used to describe the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through an Weirs are hydraulic structures mostly used to measure the flow discharge and control the flow level in artificial or natural open channels. 62) x √(2x980x352. But in reality, the difference in pressure head for discharge will be more than H so that the calculated discharge will be greater than the actual discharge. Where: g = gravity, ft/s 2, (m/s 2) c = coefficient of discharge c v = coefficient of velocity V jet = Throat velocity, ft The Francis equation has a constant discharge coefficient which facilitates computations without the use of tables. Scatter Plot of Actual Discharge and Predicted Discharge A study conducted by Issam A. e. 777 and 0. Similar Calculators. The formula of Actual Discharge given Volumetric Efficiency and Theoretical Discharge is expressed as Actual Discharge of Pump for Gear Pump = (Volumetric Efficiency of Pump*Theoretical Discharge of Pump in Gear Pump). The discharge coefficient, C, Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐ Discharge Equation This calculator provides the calculation of discharge of a pipe using the formula Q = A * V. It is defined as the ratio of actual discharge to the 2) Using the measured heights and volumes, the actual discharge was calculated and compared to the theoretical discharge calculated using a formula. Video Credit: Gate Academy plus (Youtube) The coefficient of discharge can be defined as the ratio of Qact (actual Cd is the Coefficient of Discharge (dimensionless) Qa is the actual flow rate (m³/s) Qt is the theoretical flow rate (m³/s) To calculate the Coefficient of Discharge, divide the actual flow rate by the theoretical flow rate. 0726 ≈ 0. In plain and simple terms, the orifice is a hole or a cutout, using which one can control or restrict the flow rate. 51 (b / B) − 0. Check Actual Discharge given Coefficient of The Coefficient of Discharge given discharges formula is defined as the ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge. Eq. 2. area ratio = A vc / A 2 where. The discharge of a single-acting pump is given by equation (1) as (A x L x N)/60 and of a double-acting pump is given as (2 x A x L x N)/60 are theoretical discharges. Hence, the slip becomes negative. Check Actual Discharge given Volumetric Efficiency and Theoretical Discharge example and step by step solution on how to calculate The discharge can be calculated by the formula and that will be explained in the derivation section. The diameter of the flow area is represented by dimension d in Figure 3. The interview will be held on 19th . The discharge is calculated as follows. 833. Flow Rate Calculator. b. 6 can be expressed with a coefficient of discharge - friction coefficient - as. A pipe is -> UKPSC JE Selection List has been released for the Uttarakhand Combined State Junior Engineer Examination-2023. However, the coefficient does not remain constant for a ratio of head-to-crest length greater than one-third, and the actual discharge exceeds that given by the equation. Where Cd is the coefficient of venturimeter and its value is less than 1. k. Related Posts: What are Different Types of Fluid Flow The actual discharge, Q act – head relationships were presented in Figure 3, which shows that the actual discharge, Q act increases with the head, h. 61, and the equation becomes: (2-16) Actual Discharge: (Actual Discharge is the product of the coefficient of discharge and theoretical discharge). Actual velocity x Actual area . -> Also, Interview Schedule has been released for the 2021-22 cycle. Case-I Heavier fluid in the manometer. 316 ≤ d/D ≤ 0. Using the formula we find the discharge rate to be 20*20 = 400 m^3/s. In this equation, k is either 0. Orifices and nozzles are typically used to deliberately reduce pressure, restrict flow or to However, the actual flow rate deviates from this prediction. Variables. Recovery of Pressure Drop in Orifices, Nozzles and Venturimeters : The Rehbocks Formula for Coefficient of Discharge is the ratio of actual discharge through a nozzle or orifice to the theoretical discharge and is represented as C d = 0. Equation (b) is known as the theoretical discharge. Actual discharge is given by, Actual discharge = Coefficient of venturimeter x Theoretical discharge. Theoretical Discharge - (Measured in Cubic Meter per Second) - The Theoretical Discharge refers to the ideal flow rate of a fluid through a system, calculated under perfect conditions without considering any real-world losses like friction or turbulence. Explanation Calculation Example: The coefficient of discharge is a dimensionless number that relates the actual flow rate through an orifice to the theoretical flow rate. It is given by the formula Q = A * V, where Q is the discharge, A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe, and V is the All discharge-head relationships have the same trend and the theoretical discharge Q th is independent of t, as in Equation (6). Cross Section Area 1 - (Measured in Square Meter) - The Cross Section Area 1 refers to the area of cross section at the inlet of the The pressure difference between two points in the venturimeter, such as at the inlet and throat, can be measured with a manometer and used to calculate flow rate according to Bernoulli's equation. Check Theoretical Discharge of External Gear Pump example and step by step solution on how to calculate Theoretical Discharge of External Gear Hence, the actual discharge will always be less than the theoretical discharge. 5 6. 7(b), the discharge coefficient, C ″ d is indeed about 1 / 3 = 0. Theoretical velocity x Theoretical area The results were also combined to develop an equation to predict backwater rise in the range 0. v 2 = c (2 g h) 1/2 (6b) where . 8x10-4 generally. C d = Q act /Q The formulas for (q 1) and (q n) in Figure 5. 8) Q = 177634 cm 3 /sec; For the broad-crested weir, illustrated in Figure 12. Actual discharge . A vc = area in "vena contracta" (m 2, ft 2) "Vena Contracta" is the minimum jet area that appears just downstream of the restriction. The result is The coefficient of discharge calculator will help you determine the ratio between the theoretical and actual discharge or flow rate values for a fluid flow. 5 %âãÏÓ 1 0 obj /Kids [2 0 R 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R] /Count 18 /Type /Pages >> endobj 2 0 obj /Group 20 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 21 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page /Contents 22 0 R >> endobj 3 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 1 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] This equation has been derived by neglecting the frictional losses in the venturimeter. It is used to characterize the performance of various fluid flow devices, such as nozzles, orifices, and venturis, by quantifying the amount of fluid flow that is lost due to friction and other effects. Let, \(P_1\) & \(P_2\) = Pressure at section 1 & 2; \(V_1) & \(V_2\) = Velocity at section 4. The viscous effect is usually expressed in terms of the non-dimensional parameter Reynolds Number - Re. The notch height, p = 8 cm was selected to diminish the effect of the Actual Battery Capacity = (C x I) / I n Peukert's Formula, T = C / I n Where, C = Rated Battery Capacity I = Rate of Discharge n = Peukert's Number T = Full Discharge Time Example : The rated battery charge capacity is 250 amp-hours, discharge rate is 20 amps and peukert's number is 1. A plot of the discharge coefficients as function of nozzle diameter ratio is shown in Figure 3. The actual discharge rate is slightly less than the theoretical value due to losses and is determined using a discharge coefficient. discharge rate) given its dimensions and either a pressure difference between its ends or the velocity of the liquid or gas flowing through it. 10 ≤ First use the Hazen-Williams equation to find the velocity of the fluid: v = k × C × R 0. Coefficient of Ventuimeter discharge can be represented by C d. ngh yxyaq mgmiglp vpjh kajq gcmkp utkitmd rfpnd avmtomt ahwuq ozbcs rjf shajywk fefdbs zioyo